Italian VersionThe American Automobile Timeline 1899-1970
The American Automobile 1899-1970
Multimedial Historical Collection
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1911-1913
New mass-production standards are lowering times and costs of the automobile industry.
On February 27, 1911 Cadillac introduces the self-starter, invented by Clyde Coleman in 1899 but perfected by Charles Kettering at General Motors. It eliminates the dangerous job of cranking the engine, and it puts women behind the wheel in greater numbers. Kettering organized his company, the Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company, in 1909 for the purpose of working on developments in the automotive field.
The rearview mirror is introduced.
GM President James J. Storrow creates a centralized testing and research laboratory and technical department to serve all constituent companies on February 7, 1911. At first known as the Engineering Department, in November it becomes the General Motors Research Department.
General Motors Truck Company (later known as GMC) is organized on July 22, 1911, to handle sales of GM's Rapid and Reliance products.
Chevrolet Motor Company of Michigan is incorporated in November of 1911 by Louis Chevrolet, William Little and Edwin Cambell, William Durant's son-in-law. Headquarters are in Detroit.
In 1911 General Motors Export Company is established to handle the sale of all General Motors products outside the U.S. and Canada.
The 1911 Hupmobile is built the year the founder of Hupp Motor Car Co., Robert C. Hupp, leaves the company he had launched in 1909. The car bearing his name will be produced until 1941. This 1911 model has a 112-cubic-inch four which put out 20 hp. The car costs $1,100 new.
1912: In Cincinnati, Ohio, Standard Oil begins operation of a gasoline station. Previously, motorists had to patronize coal merchants, lumberyards, or hardware stores to buy fuel.
For the 1912 production line Cadillac adopts the electric self-starter as standard equipment. Cadillac's self-starter wins the Dewar Trophy as the most important automotive contribution of the year.
In 1912 Lycoming builds it's first automobile engine.
The 1912 Auburn Model 30L Sedan is produced.
By 1912 all Buicks have sprouted doors and new, smoother lines consisting of barn-shaped hoods and radiators with front and rear fenders taking on a semi-circular shape. The engines powering Buicks of the teens have their vertical cylinders cast in pairs with non-removable heads, while rocker arm assemblies are fully exposed.
In 1912 Walter Chrysler turns his fascination for automobiles into a career by joining the Buick Motor Car company in Flint, Michigan, as works manager.
1913 Henry Ford starts the first assembly line at his automobile plant in Detroit. It multiplies worker productivity more than eight times, bringing average assembly time for a new car down to 90 minutes from 12 hours 30 minutes. However, worker wages will increase less than 1.5 times, from $2.34 for a nine-hour day to $5 for an eight-hour day in 1914, so that they can buy cars.
On October the 7th, 1913, world's first moving automobile assembly line begins operation at Ford's Highland Park (Michigan) Plant.
In 1913 all GM Truck operations are consolidated in Pontiac, Michigan.
During the years 1911-13 Hudson join the Ford new automotive concepts and moves the steering wheel and driver's position to the left side of the car, and, at the same time moves the hand levers for gear selection and emergency braking inside to the center of the car. Hudson also is quick to adopt the General Motors-developed self-starter, the device that made gasoline-powered cars viable as a general consumer product.
In 1913 the Lincoln Highway is opened. It is the first interstate highway, linking Times Square in New York with Lincoln Park in San Francisco. Interstate 80 now follows most of the old 3,389 mile route.
1913 California State Fair ends an happy era. WWI is just around the corner.
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1911GM-export.mov
Available on DVD
Run Time: 00:00:18 Audio/Visual: silent, B&W Quality: #
Producer: GM
The foundation of the GM Export Division in 1911.
1911IndianapolisMarmonWinner.mov
Available on DVD
Run Time: 00:00:36 Audio/Visual: silent, B&W Quality: # # #
Producer: unknown
The winner at the 1911 Indianapolis Auto Race. A Marmon car. Epoca footage.
1911indy500-firestone.mov
Available on DVD
Run Time: 00:01:26 Audio/Visual: sound, B&W Quality: # #
The Firestone role in the US car racing world begins in 1911.
1912ParadeChinaTown.mpeg
Available on DVD
Run Time: 00:02:21 Audio/Visual: silent, B&W Quality: # # # # #
Parade Celebrating Chinese Republic (1912)
Producer: unknown
San Francisco, California: Parade celebrating the formation of the Chinese Republic under Sun Yat-Sen. Lots of interesting automobiles.
1912caddy-selfstart-engine.mov
Available on DVD
Run Time: 00:00:18 Audio/Visual: silent, B&W Quality: # #
Producer: GM
In 1912 Cadillac is the first self-starting automobile.
1912Ford-automobiles-parade2.mov
Available on DVD
Run Time: 00:00:24 Audio/Visual: silent, B&W Quality: # # #
Producer: Ford Motor Co.
A parade of Ford cars. Epoca footage.
1913calif-state-fair.mpeg
Available on DVD
Run Time: 00:06:22 Audio/Visual: silent, B&W Quality: # # # # #
The 1913 California State Fair (1913)
Producer: Vistamont Films
Complete Film. This 1913 film shows us scenes of the California State Fair. Mostly it involves parades and races along a very muddy track. Polo played with automobiles instead of horses. The highlight of the film is a 90 mph crash of two trains.
1913ford-ass-line.mov
Available on DVD
Run Time: 00:00:37 Audio/Visual: silent, B&W Quality: # #
Producer: Ford Motor Co.
1913. The Ford assembly line and other views of the ford cars production.
1913ford645546.mov
Available on DVD
Run Time: 00:00:16 Audio/Visual: silent, B&W Quality: # # # #
Producer: Ford Motor Co.
A 1913 Ford. Epoca footage.
1913Parade.mpg
Available on DVD
Run Time: 00:01:40 Audio/Visual: silent, B&W Quality: # # #
Producer: unknown
1913 parade in La Crosse, Wisconsin.
1913StPetersburgFlCrossrdVR.mov
Available on CD
Audio/Visual: B&W Quality: # # # #
Filetype: Quicktime VR movie Filesize: 548 KB
Virtual Reality image of a crossroad i St Petersburg, Fl in 1913.
1913suburban-america.mov
Available on DVD
Run Time: 00:00:24 Audio/Visual: silent, B&W Quality: # # #
Producer: unknown
Street scenes of a small US town in 1913.
1913The-Speed-Kings.mpg
Available on DVD Only
Run Time: 00:08:00
Audio/Visual: silent with music score, B&W
Quality: # # # # #
The Speed Kings (USA, 1913)
Directed by: Wilfred Lucas
Produced by: Keystone Film Company
Infos about this movie are available on its IMDB page.
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